The Sword of Mercy (Curtana): A Deep Dive into History

Curtana: The Sword of Mercy

Curtana is a ceremonial sword carried alongside two Swords of Justice during British coronations. Its unique feature is a blunted and squared-off tip, symbolizing the monarch’s duty to temper justice with mercy.

Description of the Sword

The sword boasts a steel blade measuring 38 inches long and 7.5 inches wide at the handle. Notably, the tip lacks about an inch, and the hilt is made of gilt-iron with a wire-wrapped wooden grip for easy handling. It comes with a red velvet sheath adorned with gold embroidery, replaced throughout history, with the latest version dating back to 1937.

Uncertain Origins and Theories

The exact origin of Curtana remains a mystery. Scholars believe it might be the unnamed regalia sword, possibly belonging to the legendary Tristan, or even a sword wielded by Edward the Confessor. Additionally, a replica of Curtana was crafted in the 17th century.

Tracing its Journey Through History

The name “Curtana” or “Curtein” (derived from the Latin word “curtus” meaning short) first appears in records of Queen Eleanor of Provence’s coronation in 1236. While some theories suggest it belonged to Edward the Confessor, historical evidence points otherwise.

Another theory suggests the name “Curtana” is linked to the sword “Cortain” from the Carolingian epic literature. It’s believed that Matthew Paris, a 13th-century monk, might have borrowed the name after reading the “Chevalerie Ogier” poem.

There’s also a possibility that Curtana is the same as “Tristram’s sword,” documented during the Angevin dynasty. Tristan, a legendary knight, supposedly broke his sword in combat, and this broken sword could have become Curtana.

The Sword of Mercy in the Coronation Ceremony

During the coronation, the Sword of Mercy is presented to the monarch, signifying the importance of ruling with compassion and fairness. This act emphasizes the monarch’s commitment to just governance.

Enduring Significance

Despite its ceremonial nature, the Sword of Mercy remains a vital symbol in British coronations. Its continued use highlights the timeless values of mercy and compassion in leadership. Additionally, it serves as a tangible link to the rich history and tradition of the British monarchy.

Curtana represents ruling with compassion during the coronation, highlighting the monarch’s commitment to just governance.