What Did Historical Swords Weigh?
How heavy were swords from the Middle Ages and Renaissance? This common question is easily answered by experts but remains a mystery for many. Misconceptions about these historical weapons are widespread, making it difficult to determine their true weight. This article aims to clear the air by providing strictly factual information about the weight of medieval and Renaissance swords, dispelling the myths surrounding them.
A Weighty Issue:
Misinformation about the weight of these swords is rampant. Popular media often depicts them as heavy and cumbersome, leading to a distorted view. For instance, a respected academic on The History Channel once claimed that 14th-century swords could weigh a staggering 40 pounds — a far cry from reality.
Historical evidence and hands-on experience tell a different story. Most swords from these periods weigh between 2.5 to 3.5 pounds, with larger war swords rarely exceeding 4.5 pounds. However, the lack of detailed weight information in some major reference books contributes to the confusion.
The Reality of Historical Sword Weights:
The Wallace Collection Museum in London offers valuable insights. Most of their swords, including single-handed swords (arming swords), two-handed swords (greatswords), and rapiers, weigh less than three pounds. Renowned sword expert Ewart Oakeshott confirms this, stating that medieval swords were light and manageable. He clarifies, “The average weight of any one of normal size is between 2.5 lb. and 3.5 lbs. Even the big hand-and-a-half ‘war’ swords rarely weigh more than 4.5 lbs.”
These swords were well-crafted, light, and agile, capable of delivering powerful cuts and thrusts. They were far from the clumsy weapons often portrayed in movies and television shows. For example, the average weight of swords from the 10th to the 15th centuries was around 1.3 kg (2.9 lbs), and in the 16th century, it was closer to 0.9 kg (2 lbs).
Expert Opinions:
Many historical experts have debunked the myth of heavy medieval swords. Dr. Hans-Peter Hils points out that museum collections often display heavy parade swords, which were ceremonial and not intended for actual combat. Functionality, not excessive weight, was the key design principle for medieval swords.
Misconceptions about weight have persisted for centuries. In the 18th century, fencing author Thomas Page described them as “enormous” and “unwieldy.” These views were echoed by later authors, further solidifying the myth.
Realistically handling historical swords reveals their true nature. They are well-balanced and agile, not cumbersome. Charles Ffoulkes, a British arms curator, incorrectly described them as heavy and impractical. In actuality, these swords were designed for effective combat and well-suited for their intended purpose.
Respected historians like Kelly DeVries have also perpetuated the myth. Despite evidence to the contrary, many continue to believe these swords were cumbersome. However, handling real swords demonstrates their functionality and efficiency as weapons.
Subjectivity and Objectivity:
Sword manufacturer John Latham mistakenly believed that medieval swords were heavy due to the need to penetrate armor. However, the actual weight is a balance between maneuverability and delivering effective strikes.
Medieval and Renaissance swords were meticulously designed for their purpose. They needed enough mass for a sharp edge and point, parrying blows, and powerful attacks. Fantastical stories of massive swords cleaving through armor are just that — fantasies. In reality, these swords were light and agile.
Conclusion:
The belief that medieval and Renaissance swords were heavy and cumbersome is a myth. Historical evidence and expert opinions confirm that these swords were well-balanced and manageable. Understanding their true weight and handling allows us to appreciate their design and effectiveness in combat. Real medieval and Renaissance swords were not only functional weapons but also testaments to the skill and craftsmanship of their makers.
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